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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网& }5 ?3 t! l ^3 m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。; N. x' L( g) _4 f, z. ]" F. x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第" [5 x8 W4 _$ O9 Q! _! D. Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">5" B# n a' b: p" M7 D- Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
F' V& M+ W( @. S! z. Y) hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：2 d! V6 C8 L' y% W4 \2 ]
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' W G5 W% Z9 {. _mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：2 j V1 U: K! E9 E- \3 k& p4 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ |* v( ^* b4 t3 p' ~- N& s- ^. D: l
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9 E. T8 T. v; m$ imso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。. K: k1 a/ L4 d& C9 amso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 O( Q1 e) m( U( N4 ?mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
& P/ [) R6 ?$ J/ n/ }3 e% qmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：; v& Q. f1 r6 }: t/ ]) G
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。2 I9 l! j G5 E9 V3 Q& ~
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@$ A0 j5 h4 v. K* Amso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：6 A; v3 H6 J( J, n+ J' W8 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. R& y' e. C) |1 T3 F# R- E
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？, G% Q+ X8 ~2 E0 n3 | Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 B: j# M0 `8 f) K$ C+ B) T
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& C$ y, T" j7 c- @7 x1 p! wmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：7 K* h3 C5 R9 b4 z. `
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。) i& Z, h+ x* r# @/ b
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。$ O0 V% H, Q$ b( x$ P$ l
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7 u% ?4 S# K5 \8 L# X3 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：6 O/ w# E/ y+ t1 `- C
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。! h* J- u+ }: r8 e1 j4 H; d+ Z5 J
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@8 h/ ~- ^; X: v8 v- Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：0 e) V7 ]/ `# H! D0pt">"$ f" M; e: n- ^1 H4 g( Y+ umso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:/ B0 {/ i$ N7 _
Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。! @5 z7 v# W% m* qmso-font-kerning:0pt">"6 c/ I& o6 _& k$ F7 C M8 `: |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 E K* A, ^8 X
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：5 t5 @0 T0 r M8 g' L; q+ d/ l$ P7 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">"" R& p/ S9 E! x% R' x: c7 Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
- ~1 P$ Q7 H8 d- {2 Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢4 N/ U; T! ^3 u* c1 r4 Z* |7 ^
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" k% a4 z, ]3 o; emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：) v+ A8 q' Z/ U, P. ~1 i* F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。 f+ W5 @/ E4 \, E% lmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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# y4 d, h# P3 p7 }. S& {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是* D0 x& Y: \9 t+ ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违" Z; l7 _: z6 S$ R1 U; |% Z10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 l8 s& P' A, [* Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得" Q+ C7 r4 X/ H' E$ @, j1 b/ M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违8 X2 D' J( D1 d+ ?! F7 k0 }" t3 K0 M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲5 C G* t2 R; g" q9 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ v( m1 I, g8 ~3 Q# X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，; w: D- x( J8 g5 e1 \7 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% X& E2 z+ I) L5 W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。8 x) w( }% N5 `, s1 S2 I) ^- v( cmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* l3 }; n( u! w3 L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。2 z. p% q6 D+ @% _9 g
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; [$ Z7 n4 a Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？" N3 F& E r! S10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。1 r# f0 x% r% @) |
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2 Z$ U$ \) v8 y# R xTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义% E/ z& N6 I, Z; j5 w2 V* W& tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！% K8 r% O& D! n+ T/ L4 `0 V
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0 {9 w8 g8 i xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。8 u* Q+ Y8 f: e8 B0 e. |
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. c9 Z$ ]! ]( W/ aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述$ I. |9 c& }0 X- G4 I+ h% Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">2# A( h) n1 X l5 ?* ^: x* Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 t4 s* H5 z5 U; O/ gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊1 t6 `. Y( W+ b# r
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s+ ~0 S$ h9 [% ?Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乃群：% A1 |. q( T; C! l, J& T, L0pt">
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X2 x+ r' L- _/ o# u$ _Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。( ]7 t" K! J# w3 ~4 \3 M. x: ]
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孝经
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7 f% S; J" T: Q, I+ M! C0 UTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：0 I' x% ^. p+ ^& |1 q0 S( t
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。% Q0 ~7 z2 z! R1 x, w9 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">—— F, D: j' ^( w. K# {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。' A) y" \( W1 s/ A6 g; amso-font-kerning:0pt">——& r% b/ b t1 O
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;* s. O$ T- c7 T# o# {. y
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：% m9 ~6 e4 K% ]- F* ^: j, T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。3 A! Q- E, H* T7 @: X
mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( m0 O1 m" l, x1 D" q9 R
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 }0 {5 A6 M; p* t7 [! ?
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个% Q4 k( S9 {4 M; J) x5 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">“# }" f' M7 k, g0 gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( `: H5 L7 o0 d, e
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬3 T/ {& y! ~# K* Y8 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”% K3 Q% s1 n% a) @( o& Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
6 s" y5 p! j6 |5 {8 q7 W- Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为& B% w+ y( b6 Z7 b/ R3 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* n# V# A0 c3 [0 ^' C7 E! B
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
- y& o; a4 X& m% f% mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道7 j6 n7 S# J& j( Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 g# U% r- D- j9 U/ L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。9 D4 p& D: d) E$ R) A( s. z
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% L R9 ~9 ?* I) @% @2 oTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：5 X% l& \- y% h: V5 b1 i
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$ W- N: y% Z n) r: w2 d4 S- mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的! m Q3 F; p5 b9 h5 T( l
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1 J( k# Z. L) O$ F Q$ q9 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺# E0 s- r0 T. e' U5 b7 a3 U3 J: U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思, S* i! U% v$ g0 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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