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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 9 X9 b: }' S- Q7 Amso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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) @6 l4 \" g7 f: |, `Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第. J0 t# u; y5 g! n3 S% kmso-font-kerning:0pt">1* |- @% ]/ t: J6 q% hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% D- r% W5 F/ d% B5 N
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% l1 u3 C+ H: @. ]! c2 A9 {' M4 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：2 |6 @+ L. K# N: `3 Y, s
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8 g8 J( ?' B0 Y: N7 \) G ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。8 J, @! _ [( f' \9 C
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- e0 ~' u( S' u4 c- {' G! ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。$ U& z! v. k9 Z! j& f# I$ {
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。4 q# m4 h) _9 |) U5 s6 m/ q3 c$ x. Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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/ _ `' z7 Y" r4 _ `mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？2 D6 v- r# }, R( Z7 {( x) i. {0 D, g" Xcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。. P# i1 C: @$ y
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0 R3 R! q* P. q: Q6 HTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服; Z$ t, Q+ L ?) e) k7 d
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3 H7 J3 c' D, I1 w% u1 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。# o9 }' N; H! o: Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">" , A0 p$ G( w- A- [, @& q% L5 R
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白 }; A8 t* n& B6 S+ X8 Y* Bmso-font-kerning:0pt"> , x8 w5 z# @: A, o5 ^
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学4 }. K4 G. f) v+ [
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; f4 x( y8 I! lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？- f9 b6 `2 O. I, Y4 u* y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊6 F: }5 ?8 i$ I, n0 }# [mso-font-kerning:0pt"> / _* F6 @! b1 q! W
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3 y4 O ^+ E1 o. u. z. YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚( D4 ]" l; I1 Q' M" D( l3 T, D# _" i
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！% z; f# R( B9 ~5 q: tmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 6 |2 ?3 `( G- J" \
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假* p& d* k4 `5 m0 q; y1 d' `
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" Z) j/ z: I4 S* r; q! s( PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是: M5 K! G$ S: |% g' Y( Q2 b& Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 F) o8 C$ ]* Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ k! t2 t* P; ?& d! g" Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题 V+ U# @) J5 }- |/ r& `0 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 e* O8 Q: t" n; E4 c5 U
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3 m, s( U! w& q3 ]6 k6 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。3 s% C: P4 L/ z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴$ e- C/ f+ a' V7 U4 q% i" j4 v9 L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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